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COMMON DESCRIPTIVE STUDIES 

by David Gualin

 Descriptive studies provide data about the variable being studied through surveys and other data gathering procedures.  Case study is also a descriptive study with deeper analysis.  Some descriptive studies use descriptive statistics such as mean, frequency count, percentage, standard deviation and ranking.  Some authors consider correlational studies as another kind of research other than descriptive studies but others like Calmorin and Calmorin (2008) consider correlational studies as part of descriptive studies.  These authors list descriptive studies as follows:

Descriptive-Survey
Gathering of data regarding present conditions
Providing the value of facts
Focus on the most important things to be reported
The data is used as basis for inferences that may aid in solving practical problems
 

Descriptive-Normative Survey
Compare local test results with a state or national norm
Achievement test is the instrument used to gather data
 

Descriptive-Status Studies
Seeks to answer questions to real facts relating to existing conditions
Determines the prevailing conditions in a group of cases chosen for study
Stress current conditions with the assumption that things will change
Questionnaire
 

Descriptive-Analysis
Describe the nature of an object by separating into parts
Discover the nature of things
Determine the composition, structure, substructure that occurs as units within larger structures
 

Descriptive Classification
Employed in natural sciences subjects
Specimens collected are classified from phylum to species
 

Descriptive Evaluative
Appraise carefully the worthiness of the current study
 

Descriptive-Comparative
Researcher considers two variables (not manipulated) and establishes a formal procedure to compare and conclude that one is better than the other
 

Correlational Study
To determine the relationship of two variables (X and Y) whether the relationship is perfect, high, moderate, or negligible

 Longitudinal survey

 This involves much time allotted to investigation of the same subjects of two or more points in time.

 

 

Reference:

Calmorin, Laurentina-Paler and Calmorin, Melchor A. (2008). Research Methods and Thesis Writing, Rex Bookstore: Quezon City pp. 72-74